
Introducing NRICH TWILGO

Phiddlywinks - a tribute to John Conway
Read this article to find out more about the inspiration for NRICH's game, Phiddlywinks.

Latin squares

Corresponding Sudokus
This second Sudoku article discusses "Corresponding Sudokus" which are pairs of Sudokus with terms that can be matched using a substitution rule.

Simultaneous equations Sudoku
Solve the equations to identify the clue numbers in this Sudoku problem.

All-variables Sudoku
The challenge is to find the values of the variables if you are to solve this Sudoku.

LCM Sudoku II
You are given the Lowest Common Multiples of sets of digits. Find the digits and then solve the Sudoku.

Colour islands Sudoku 2
In this Sudoku, there are three coloured "islands" in the 9x9 grid. Within each "island" EVERY group of nine cells that form a 3x3 square must contain the numbers 1 through 9.

River crossing

Twin corresponding Sudoku
This sudoku requires you to have "double vision" - two Sudoku's for the price of one

Crossing the bridge
Four friends must cross a bridge. How can they all cross it in just 17 minutes?

Instant insanity
Given the nets of 4 cubes with the faces coloured in 4 colours, build a tower so that on each vertical wall no colour is repeated, that is all 4 colours appear.

LOGO challenge - pentagram pylons
Pentagram Pylons - can you elegantly recreate them? Or, the European flag in LOGO - what poses the greater problem?

LOGO challenge - sequences and pentagrams
Explore this how this program produces the sequences it does. What are you controlling when you change the values of the variables?

LOGO challenge - following on
Remember that you want someone following behind you to see where you went. Can yo work out how these patterns were created and recreate them?

Binomial coefficients
An introduction to the binomial coefficient, and exploration of some of the formulae it satisfies.

The Tour de Clochemerle
Can you work out where these 5 riders came in a not-quite-so-famous bike race?

Vector walk
Starting with two basic vector steps, which destinations can you reach on a vector walk?


Symmetricality
Five equations and five unknowns. Is there an easy way to find the unknown values?

Parabolic patterns
The illustration shows the graphs of fifteen functions. Two of them have equations $y=x^2$ and $y=-(x-4)^2$. Find the equations of all the other graphs.

Difference dynamics

Flipping twisty matrices
Investigate the transformations of the plane given by the 2 by 2 matrices with entries taking all combinations of values 0, -1 and +1.

Stadium sightline
How would you design the tiering of seats in a stadium so that all spectators have a good view?



Twin chute-swapping Sudoku
A pair of Sudokus with lots in common. In fact they are the same problem but rearranged. Can you find how they relate to solve them both?


Take a message soldier
A messenger runs from the rear to the head of a marching column and back. When he gets back, the rear is where the head was when he set off. What is the ratio of his speed to that of the column?

The ELISA test
In 1% of cases, an HIV test gives a positive result for someone who is HIV negative. How likely is it that someone who tests positive has HIV?

Constellation Sudoku
Special clue numbers related to the difference between numbers in two adjacent cells and values of the stars in the "constellation" make this a doubly interesting problem.

A long time at the till

Magic caterpillars

Matching criminals
DNA profiling is an invaluable tool for the police. However, when it comes to probability, things aren't always as straightforward as they seem.

Impuzzable


Twin equivalent Sudoku
This Sudoku problem consists of a pair of linked standard Sudoku puzzles each with some starting digits.



Snooker
A player has probability 0.4 of winning a single game. What is his probability of winning a 'best of 15 games' tournament?


Snooker frames
It is believed that weaker snooker players have a better chance of winning matches over eleven frames (i.e. first to win 6 frames) than they do over fifteen frames. Is this true?


Trig identity
In this short challenge, can you use angle properties in a circle to figure out some trig identities?

W mates

AP train
An arithmetic progression is shifted and shortened, but its sum remains the same...

Archimedes numerical roots
How did Archimedes calculate the lengths of the sides of the polygons which needed him to be able to calculate square roots?

Function pyramids
A function pyramid is a structure where each entry in the pyramid is determined by the two entries below it. Can you figure out how the pyramid is generated?


Adding machine

Telescoping series
Find $S_r = 1^r + 2^r + 3^r + ... + n^r$ where r is any fixed positive integer in terms of $S_1, S_2, ... S_{r-1}$.

Rain or shine
Predict future weather using the probability that tomorrow is wet given today is wet and the probability that tomorrow is wet given that today is dry.


Crazy cannons
Two cannons are fired at one another and the cannonballs collide... what can you deduce?



A very shiny nose?
This problem explores the biology behind Rudolph's glowing red nose, and introduces the real life phenomena of bacterial quorum sensing.

Stage 5 cipher challenge

Put out
After transferring balls back and forth between two bags the probability of selecting a green ball from bag 2 is 3/5. How many green balls were in bag 2 at the outset?

Spread
Given the mean and standard deviation of a set of marks, what is the greatest number of candidates who could have scored 100%?

Towards Maclaurin
Build series for the sine and cosine functions by adding one term at a time, alternately making the approximation too big then too small but getting ever closer.

Interpolating polynomials

Over-booking
The probability that a passenger books a flight and does not turn up is 0.05. For an aeroplane with 400 seats how many tickets can be sold so that only 2% of flights are over-booked?

Knights moving
