List

Working systematically - advanced

Introducing NRICH TWILGO
interactivity

Introducing NRICH TWILGO

Age
5 to 18
Challenge level
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We're excited about this new program for drawing beautiful mathematical designs. Can you work out how we made our first few pictures and, even better, share your most elegant solutions with us?
Latin Squares
article

Latin squares

A Latin square of order n is an array of n symbols in which each symbol occurs exactly once in each row and exactly once in each column.
Corresponding Sudokus
article

Corresponding Sudokus

This second Sudoku article discusses "Corresponding Sudokus" which are pairs of Sudokus with terms that can be matched using a substitution rule.

All-Variables Sudoku
problem

All-variables Sudoku

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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The challenge is to find the values of the variables if you are to solve this Sudoku.

LCM Sudoku II
problem

LCM Sudoku II

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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You are given the Lowest Common Multiples of sets of digits. Find the digits and then solve the Sudoku.

Colour Islands Sudoku 2
problem

Colour islands Sudoku 2

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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In this Sudoku, there are three coloured "islands" in the 9x9 grid. Within each "island" EVERY group of nine cells that form a 3x3 square must contain the numbers 1 through 9.

River Crossing
problem

River crossing

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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There is nothing half so much worth doing as simply messing about in boats...
Twin Corresponding Sudoku
problem

Twin corresponding Sudoku

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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This sudoku requires you to have "double vision" - two Sudoku's for the price of one

crossing the bridge
problem

Crossing the bridge

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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Four friends must cross a bridge. How can they all cross it in just 17 minutes?

Instant Insanity
problem

Instant insanity

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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Given the nets of 4 cubes with the faces coloured in 4 colours, build a tower so that on each vertical wall no colour is repeated, that is all 4 colours appear.

LOGO Challenge - Pentagram Pylons
problem

LOGO challenge - pentagram pylons

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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Pentagram Pylons - can you elegantly recreate them? Or, the European flag in LOGO - what poses the greater problem?

LOGO Challenge - Sequences and Pentagrams
problem

LOGO challenge - sequences and pentagrams

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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Explore this how this program produces the sequences it does. What are you controlling when you change the values of the variables?

LOGO Challenge - Following on
problem

LOGO challenge - following on

Age
11 to 18
Challenge level
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Remember that you want someone following behind you to see where you went. Can yo work out how these patterns were created and recreate them?

Placeholder: several colourful numbers
article

Binomial coefficients

An introduction to the binomial coefficient, and exploration of some of the formulae it satisfies.

The Tour de Clochemerle
problem

The Tour de Clochemerle

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Can you work out where these 5 riders came in a not-quite-so-famous bike race?

Vector walk
problem

Vector walk

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Starting with two basic vector steps, which destinations can you reach on a vector walk?

Plum Tree
problem

Plum tree

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Label this plum tree graph to make it totally magic!
Symmetricality
problem

Symmetricality

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Five equations and five unknowns. Is there an easy way to find the unknown values?

Parabolic Patterns
problem

Parabolic patterns

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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The illustration shows the graphs of fifteen functions. Two of them have equations $y=x^2$ and $y=-(x-4)^2$. Find the equations of all the other graphs.

Difference Dynamics
problem

Difference dynamics

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Take three whole numbers. The differences between them give you three new numbers. Find the differences between the new numbers and keep repeating this. What happens?
Flipping Twisty Matrices
problem

Flipping twisty matrices

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Investigate the transformations of the plane given by the 2 by 2 matrices with entries taking all combinations of values 0, -1 and +1.

Stadium Sightline
problem

Stadium sightline

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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How would you design the tiering of seats in a stadium so that all spectators have a good view?

Sorted
problem

Sorted

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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How can you quickly sort a suit of cards in order from Ace to King?
Pole Star Sudoku
problem

Pole star Sudoku

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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A Sudoku based on clues that give the differences between adjacent cells.

Twin chute-swapping Sudoku
problem

Twin chute-swapping Sudoku

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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A pair of Sudokus with lots in common. In fact they are the same problem but rearranged. Can you find how they relate to solve them both?

Placeholder: several colourful numbers
problem

Bent out of shape

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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An introduction to bond angle geometry.
Take a message soldier
problem

Take a message soldier

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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A messenger runs from the rear to the head of a marching column and back. When he gets back, the rear is where the head was when he set off. What is the ratio of his speed to that of the column?

The ELISA Test
problem

The ELISA test

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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In 1% of cases, an HIV test gives a positive result for someone who is HIV negative. How likely is it that someone who tests positive has HIV?

Constellation Sudoku
problem

Constellation Sudoku

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Special clue numbers related to the difference between numbers in two adjacent cells and values of the stars in the "constellation" make this a doubly interesting problem.

A long time at the till
problem

A long time at the till

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Try to solve this very difficult problem and then study our two suggested solutions. How would you use your knowledge to try to solve variants on the original problem?
Magic Caterpillars
problem

Magic caterpillars

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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Label the joints and legs of these graph theory caterpillars so that the vertex sums are all equal.
Matching Criminals
problem

Matching criminals

Age
14 to 18
Challenge level
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DNA profiling is an invaluable tool for the police. However, when it comes to probability, things aren't always as straightforward as they seem.

Impuzzable
article

Impuzzable

This is about a fiendishly difficult jigsaw and how to solve it using a computer program.
The Koch Snowflake
problem

The Koch snowflake

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Explore the strange geometrical properties of the Koch Snowflake.

Twin Equivalent Sudoku
problem

Twin equivalent Sudoku

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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This Sudoku problem consists of a pair of linked standard Sudoku puzzles each with some starting digits.

Purr-fection
problem

Purr-fection

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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What is the smallest perfect square that ends with the four digits 9009?
Thinking Mathematically - Short Problems
problem

Cannon balls

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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How high will a ball taking a million seconds to fall travel?

Snooker
problem

Snooker

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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A player has probability 0.4 of winning a single game. What is his probability of winning a 'best of 15 games' tournament?

The right volume
problem

The right volume

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Can you rotate a curve to make a volume of 1?

Snooker Frames
problem

Snooker frames

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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It is believed that weaker snooker players have a better chance of winning matches over eleven frames (i.e. first to win 6 frames) than they do over fifteen frames. Is this true?

Thinking Mathematically - Short Problems
problem

Solve me!

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Can you use numerical methods to solve this equation to 1 decimal place?

Trig identity
problem

Trig identity

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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In this short challenge, can you use angle properties in a circle to figure out some trig identities?

W Mates
problem

W mates

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Show there are exactly 12 magic labellings of the Magic W using the numbers 1 to 9. Prove that for every labelling with a magic total T there is a corresponding labelling with a magic total 30-T.
Thinking Mathematically - Short Problems
problem

AP train

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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An arithmetic progression is shifted and shortened, but its sum remains the same...

Archimedes Numerical Roots
problem

Archimedes numerical roots

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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How did Archimedes calculate the lengths of the sides of the polygons which needed him to be able to calculate square roots?

Function Pyramids
problem

Function pyramids

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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A function pyramid is a structure where each entry in the pyramid is determined by the two entries below it. Can you figure out how the pyramid is generated?

t for Tan
problem

T for tan

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Can you find a way to prove the trig identities using a diagram?

Adding machine
problem

Adding machine

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Can you set the logic gates so that this machine can decide how many bulbs have been switched on?
Telescoping series
problem

Telescoping series

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Find $S_r = 1^r + 2^r + 3^r + ... + n^r$ where r is any fixed positive integer in terms of $S_1, S_2, ... S_{r-1}$.

Rain or Shine
problem

Rain or shine

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Predict future weather using the probability that tomorrow is wet given today is wet and the probability that tomorrow is wet given that today is dry.

Exhaustion
problem

Exhaustion

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Find the positive integer solutions of the equation (1+1/a)(1+1/b)(1+1/c) = 2
Crazy Cannons
problem

Crazy cannons

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Two cannons are fired at one another and the cannonballs collide... what can you deduce?

Max throw
problem

Max throw

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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At what angle should you throw something to maximise the distance it travels?

Ante Up
problem

Ante up

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Use cunning to work out a strategy to win this game.
A Very Shiny Nose?
problem

A very shiny nose?

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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This problem explores the biology behind Rudolph's glowing red nose, and introduces the real life phenomena of bacterial quorum sensing.

Stage 5 Cipher Challenge
problem

Stage 5 cipher challenge

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Can you crack these very difficult challenge ciphers? How might you systematise the cracking of unknown ciphers?
Put Out
problem

Put out

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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After transferring balls back and forth between two bags the probability of selecting a green ball from bag 2 is 3/5. How many green balls were in bag 2 at the outset?

Spread
problem

Spread

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Given the mean and standard deviation of a set of marks, what is the greatest number of candidates who could have scored 100%?

Towards Maclaurin
problem

Towards Maclaurin

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Build series for the sine and cosine functions by adding one term at a time, alternately making the approximation too big then too small but getting ever closer.

Interpolating polynomials
problem

Interpolating polynomials

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Given a set of points (x,y) with distinct x values, find a polynomial that goes through all of them, then prove some results about the existence and uniqueness of these polynomials.
Over-booking
problem

Over-booking

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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The probability that a passenger books a flight and does not turn up is 0.05. For an aeroplane with 400 seats how many tickets can be sold so that only 2% of flights are over-booked?

Knights moving
problem

Knights moving

Age
16 to 18
Challenge level
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Can you swap the black knights with the white knights in the minimum number of moves?