Theoretical probability

There are 68 NRICH Mathematical resources connected to Theoretical probability
Fixing the Odds
problem

Fixing the odds

Age
14 to 16
Challenge level
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You have two bags, four red balls and four white balls. You must put all the balls in the bags although you are allowed to have one bag empty. How should you distribute the balls between the two bags so as to make the probability of choosing a red ball as small as possible and what will the probability be in that case?
Two and One
problem

Two and one

Age
5 to 7
Challenge level
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Terry and Ali are playing a game with three balls. Is it fair that Terry wins when the middle ball is red?
Scratch Cards
problem

Scratch cards

Age
14 to 16
Challenge level
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To win on a scratch card you have to uncover three numbers that add up to more than fifteen. What is the probability of winning a prize?
Thank your Lucky Stars
problem

Thank your lucky stars

Age
14 to 16
Challenge level
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A counter is placed in the bottom right hand corner of a grid. You toss a coin and move the star according to the following rules: ... What is the probability that you end up in the top left-hand corner of the grid?
Winning the Lottery
problem

Winning the lottery

Age
7 to 11
Challenge level
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Find out about the lottery that is played in a far-away land. What is the chance of winning?
Probably...
problem

Probably...

Age
7 to 11
Challenge level
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You'll need to work in a group for this problem. The idea is to decide, as a group, whether you agree or disagree with each statement.
Bipin's Choice
problem

Bipin's choice

Age
7 to 11
Challenge level
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Bipin is in a game show and he has picked a red ball out of 10 balls. He wins a large sum of money, but can you use the information to decided what he should do next?
Trick or Treat
problem

Trick or treat

Age
7 to 11
Challenge level
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Mrs. Smith had emptied packets of chocolate-covered mice, plastic frogs and gummi-worms into a cauldron for treats. What treat is Trixie most likely to pick out?
A Bit of a Dicey problem
problem

A bit of a dicey problem

Age
7 to 11
Challenge level
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When you throw two regular, six-faced dice you have more chance of getting one particular result than any other. What result would that be? Why is this?