For the first question Ben could have 31 cloves as he could split them into equal rows of 10 and have one left over.
For the second question, Ben could have 61 cloves as he could have 2 equal rows of 30 with one left over, he could have 3 equal rows of 20 and have one left over, he could have 4 equal rows of 15 and have one left over, he could have 5 equal rows of 12 and have one left over and he could have 6 equal rows of 10 and have one left over.
For the third question, he could have 121 cloves as he could have 2 equal rows of 60 with one left over, he could have 3 equal rows of 40 and have one left over, he could have 4 equal rows of 30 and have one left over, he could have 5 equal rows of 24 and have one left over and he could have 6 equal rows of 20 and have one left over.