### 2-digit Square

A 2-Digit number is squared. When this 2-digit number is reversed and squared, the difference between the squares is also a square. What is the 2-digit number?

### What's Possible?

Many numbers can be expressed as the difference of two perfect squares. What do you notice about the numbers you CANNOT make?

### Why 24?

Take any prime number greater than 3 , square it and subtract one. Working on the building blocks will help you to explain what is special about your results.

# Plus Minus

##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:

This problem follows on from Hollow Squares and What's Possible?.

Jo has been experimenting with pairs of two-digit numbers. She has been looking at the difference of their squares.

Jo has collected together some answers which she found quite surprising:

$$55^2-45^2=1000$$ $$105^2-95^2=2000$$ $$85^2-65^2=3000$$

Can you find other pairs which give multiples of $1000$? Do you notice anything special about these pairs of numbers?

Jo was also surprised to get these answers:

$$89^2-12^2=7777$$ $$78^2-23^2=5555$$

Can you find any other pairs which give repeated digits? Do you notice anything special about these pairs of numbers?
Jo wanted to explain why she was getting these surprising results. She drew some diagrams to help her. Here is the diagram she used to work out $85^2-65^2$:

What is the connection between Jo's diagram and the calculation $85^2-65^2$? How could Jo work out the area of the long purple rectangle (without a calculator)? Can you draw similar diagrams for Jo's other calculations (or for your own examples)?

How can these diagrams help Jo to develop a quick method for evaluating $a^2-b^2$ for any values of $a$ and $b$?
Now you should be able to work out these calculations without a calculator:

$$7778^2-2223^2$$ $$88889^2-11112^2$$

Here are some follow-up questions to consider:

Can you write $1000, 2000, 3000...$ as the difference of two square numbers?

Can you write any of them in more than one way?

Can you write any repeated-digit number as the difference of two square numbers?

What about numbers like $434343$, $123321$, $123456$...?

Is it possible to write every number as the difference of two square numbers?

This problem is also available in French: Plus ou Moins