The power of the sum
What is this sum, expressed as a power of 2?
If $2^6+2^5+2^4+2^4=2^n$, find the value of $n$.
This problem is taken from the World Mathematics Championships
Answer: $n=7$
Using pairs of equal numbers
$\begin{align}&2^6+2^5+2^4+2^4\\
=&2^6 + 2^5 + 2^4\times2\\
=&2^6 + 2^5 + 2^{4+1}\\
=&2^6 + 2^5 + 2^5\\
=&2^6 + 2^5\times2\\
=&2^6 + 2^6\\
=&2^7\end{align}$
Finding the value of the powers of 2
$2^2=4$ $2^5=32$
$2^3=8$ $2^6=64$
$2^4=16$ $2^7=128$
So $2^6+2^5+2^4+2^4=64+32+16+16=128=2^7$
Factorising and using index laws
Notice that all of the numbers in the sum are multiples of $2^4$, since $2^6=2^2\times2^4,2^5=2\times2^4,2^4=1\times2^4.$ So
$$\begin{align}2^6+2^5+2^4+2^4&=2^2\times2^4+2\times2^4+1\times2^4+1\times2^4\\
&=\left(2^2+2+1+1\right)\times2^4\\
&=\left(4+2+1+1\right)\times2^4\\
&=8\times2^4\\
&=2^3\times2^4\\
&=2^7\end{align}$$