Pineapple juice
What percentage of this orange drink is juice?
Age
14 to 16
Challenge level
The Juice Drink company decides to mix leftover juice drinks to make a new drink.
They have 450 litres of pineapple drink, which is 42% juice.
They mix it with 630 litres of orange drink.
The new drink is 35% juice.
What percentage of the orange drink was juice?
This problem is taken from the World Mathematics Championships
Answer: $30\%$
Using ratio and parts
$450$ and $630$ are in the ratio $45:63 = 5:7$
$$
\begin{array}
\text{5 parts 42%} \\
\text{7 parts ?%}
\end{array}
\bigg\}
\text{12 parts 35%}$$
Working backwards from the new juice,
Image
$\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad+7\%\times5$ balances with $-\text{some}\times7$
$\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\Rightarrow 35\%=\text{some}\times7$
$\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\Rightarrow \text{some}=5\%$
$35\%-5\%=30\%\therefore$ the orange drink was 30% juice.
Finding the amounts of juice
$450 + 630 = 1080$
$42\%$ of $450 =42\%$ of $100\times4.5=42\times4.5 = 189$
$35\%$ of $1080= 35\%$ of $1000 + 35\%$ of $80$, which is $350 + 24 + 4 = 378$
$378-189=189 \therefore 189$ litres of juice comes from $630$ litres orange drink
$\dfrac{189}{630}=\dfrac{63}{210}=\dfrac{21}{70}=\dfrac{3}{10}=30\%$
Using ratio and total juice
$450$ and $630$ are in the ratio $45:63 = 5:7$
$$
\begin{array}
\text{5 parts 42%} \\
\text{7 parts ?%}
\end{array}
\bigg\}
\text{12 parts 35%}$$
Since we are working in 'parts' and not specific units, we can simply multiply by 42 and 35, instead of finding 42% and 35%, because 42% and 35% are in the same ratio as 42 and 35.
$42\times5 + ?\times7 = 35\times12$
$\Rightarrow7\times6\times5 + 7\times? = 7\times5\times12$
$\Rightarrow7\times(6\times5 + ?) = 7\times5\times12$
$\Rightarrow6\times5 + ? = 5\times12$
$\Rightarrow30 + ? = 60$
$\Rightarrow? = 30$
Using fractions
450 and 630 are in the ratio 45:63 = 5:7, so the mixture is $\frac5{12}$ pineapple drink and $\frac7{12}$ orange drink.
So we know that 42% of $\frac5{12}$ of the mixture is juice and that 35% of the whole mixture is juice. Let $x$ be the fraction of the orange drink that is juice. Then:
$$\begin{align}
\frac{42}{100}\times\frac5{12}\hspace{6mm}+\hspace{5mm}x\times\frac{7}{12}&=\hspace{3mm}\frac{35}{100}&\\
\Rightarrow \frac{6\times7}{20\times5}\times\frac{5}{6\times2}\hspace{1mm}+\hspace{5mm}x\times\frac7{12}&=\frac{7\times5}{20\times5}\\
\Rightarrow \frac7{20\times2}\hspace{8mm}+\hspace{5mm}x\times\frac7{12}&=\hspace{3mm}\frac{7}{20}\\
\Rightarrow x\times\frac7{12}&=\frac{7\times2}{20\times2}-\frac7{20\times2}\\
\Rightarrow x\times\frac7{6\times2}&=\frac{7}{20\times2}\\
\Rightarrow x\times\frac16&=\frac1{20}\\
\Rightarrow x&=\frac6{20}\\
\Rightarrow x&=\frac3{10}
\end{align}$$ Which is the same as 30%.