Drug testing

How do different drug-testing regimes affect the risks and payoffs for an athlete who chooses to take drugs?
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This problem involves looking at drug testing and the payoff this might give to athletes.

Imagine a drug test that is 99% accurate.

That is, if you are drug-free, there's a 99% chance you'll pass the test, and if you have taken the drug, there's a 99% chance you'll fail the test.

In addition, imagine we know that 99% of athletes DO NOT take the drug.

If an athlete is tested and fails the test, what is the probability that they have taken the drug?



Dave and Joe are athletes at approximately  the same skill level - each has an equal chance of winning in a race between the two.

If Dave takes the drug but Joe doesn't, Dave's chance of winning increases to 75%.

If Joe takes the drug but Dave doesn't, Joe's chance of winning increases to 75%.

If they both take the drug, then each has an equal chance of winning again.

Here is a payoff matrix, showing the chances of winning:

 



Dave/Joe (%) Drug No Drug
Drug 50/50 75/25
No Drug 25/75 50/50


The payoff of taking the drug is always better than not taking the drug, so the best strategy for both athletes is to use the drug!

The race officials decide to use drug testing, so that athletes who take drugs can be disqualified.

How does the payoff matrix change if they drug test both Dave and Joe?

How does the payoff matrix change if they only drug test Dave?  

 
How does the payoff matrix change if they randomly drug test either Dave or Joe with a 50% chance?
 
 
You could also explore the effects of the different testing regimes when three athletes are competing for Gold, Silver and Bronze.

What drug testing regime do you think would be the fairest? Are there any practical issues arising from your suggestion?

 

Notes and Background

Read more about screening on Understanding Uncertainty.