Cuboids

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Justin from Mason Middle School found that a 1x2x16 cuboid also satisfies the conditions:

I back it up by saying that

$1\times 2 = 2$,

$2 \times16 = 32$

and $16 \times1 = 16$

and add them all up and you get $50$, and then multiply by $2$ and you get a square area of $100$!

Megan was able to show that these were the only two possible solutions:

Call the lengths of the 3 dimensions (height, depth, width) $x$, $y$ and $z$.

The surface area is $2xy+2xz+2yz$, as the area of each face is calculated by multiplying its two sides together, and there are $2$ of each face.

Hence, $2xy+2xz+2yz = 100$.

Dividing by $2$, $xy+yz+xz = 50$.

I will assume that $x$ is the shortest side and $z$ the longest to avoid repeating solutions. Therefore I must find integer solutions to the equation $xy+yz+xz = 50$ where $x < y < z$.

Rearranging the equation,

$yz+xz = 50-xy$

$z(x+y) = 50-xy$

$z = (50-xy)/(x+y)$.

I used an excel spreadsheet with 3 columns, 1 for each of $x$, $y$ and $z$.

In the $z$ column I write the rearranged formula.

I then started from $x = 1$, $y = 1,2,3...$ looking for integer values of $z$ until I reached a solution which had been repeated (as here $y$ is bigger than $z$, so I would be repeating values with $y$ and $z$ swapped around) or where $z$ became smaller than $y$.

For $x = 1$ I found only 1 solution, $(1, 2, 16)$.

Checking with the original formula this does agree to a total of $100$.

I then continued repeating the procedure with $x = 2$, $y = 2$,$3$,$4$... and found a solution of $(2, 4, 7)$.

With $x = 3$, $y = 3$,$4$,$5$... there are no solutions, as $z$ becomes smaller than $y$ where $y=5$ (and $z = 4.375$) and there are no integer solutions before this.

With $x = 4$, $y = 4,5,6...$ $z$ becomes smaller than $y$ when $y = 5$ $(z = 3.333)$ therefore there are no solutions where $x = 4$.

After $x = 4$, the intitial value of $z$ is always smaller than $y$, therefore there are no further solutions.

The only 2 solutions to the problem are: $(1, 2, 16)$ and $(2, 4, 7)$.

Fred from Albion Heights School also offered some non-integer solutions:

$h = 1$, $w = 1$, $l = 24.5$

$h = 2$, $w = 2$, $l = 11.5 $

$h = 4$, $w = 4$, $l = 4.25$

$h = 2.5$, $w = 5$, $ l = 5$

$h = 1$, $w = 4$, $l = 9.2$

Well done to you all.