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Thinking mathematically - Secondary students

Successful mathematicians understand and use mathematical ideas and methods, solve problems, explain and justify their thinking, and have a positive attitude towards learning mathematics. 

Exploring, questioning, working systematically, visualising, conjecturing, explaining, generalising, convincing, proving... are all at the heart of mathematical thinking. The activities below are designed to give you the opportunity to think and work as a mathematician.

For problems arranged by mathematical topics, see our Topics in Secondary Mathematics page.

For problems arranged by mathematical mindsets, see our Mathematical Mindsets page.

Developing Mathematical Thinking - Exploring and noticing

Exploring and noticing - Secondary students

Age: 11 to 16

What do you notice as you explore these problems?

Working Systematically

Working systematically - Secondary students

Age: 11 to 16

Work on these problems to improve your ability to work systematically.

Conjecturing and generalising

Conjecturing and generalising - Secondary students

Age: 11 to 16

Work on these problems to improve your conjecturing and generalising skills.

Hands

Visualising and representing - Secondary students

Age: 11 to 16

Work on these problems to improve your visualising and representing skills.

Nine photos taken of the same two people as they talk

Reasoning, convincing and proving - Secondary students

Age: 11 to 16

Work on these problems to improve your reasoning skills.

Thinking Mathematically - Short Problems

Thinking mathematically - Short problems

Age: 11 to 16

A collection of short problems which require students to think mathematically.

In this film (also available outside the UK), the mathematician Andrew Wiles talks about his personal experience of seeking a proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. He describes what it is like to do mathematics, to be creative, to have difficulties, to make mistakes, to persevere, to make progress, to have a dream and love what you are doing so much that you are willing to devote yourself to it for a long time.  Of course, each mathematician's experience is different, and most mathematicians do not work alone for such prolonged periods without discussing their work with others, but much of Andrew Wiles' experience is shared amongst mathematicians, and reminds us of the rewards of perseverance in the face of difficulty.

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Recommended Books

We have compiled a list of books for young people who are interested in mathematics.