### Latin Numbers

Can you create a Latin Square from multiples of a six digit number?

### What's Possible?

Many numbers can be expressed as the difference of two perfect squares. What do you notice about the numbers you CANNOT make?

### Marbles in a Box

How many winning lines can you make in a three-dimensional version of noughts and crosses?

# Different Products

##### Age 14 to 16Challenge Level

Take any set of four consecutive whole numbers.
Find the product of the first and last numbers.
Find the product of the second and penultimate (in this case third!) numbers.

e.g. consider the set $5, 6, 7, 8$
$5 \times 8 = 40$
$6 \times 7 = 42$

Try a few more examples with sets of four consecutive numbers.
Do your results have anything in common?

Now take a set of five consecutive whole numbers.
Again, find the product of the first and last numbers, and the product of the second and penultimate numbers.
Try several examples.
Do your results have anything in common?

Can you predict the difference between the product of the first and last numbers, and the product of the second and penultimate numbers, when you have 6 consecutive whole numbers?
What if you have $7$, or $10$, or $20$, or $100$ consecutive whole numbers?

Select sets of consecutive numbers and test your predictions.

Can you predict what the difference will be when you have $n$ consecutive whole numbers?

Mathematicians aren't usually satisfied with a few examples to convince themselves that something is always true, and look to proofs to provide rigorous and convincing arguments and justifications.

Can you prove that when you have n consecutive numbers, the difference between the product of the first and last numbers, and the product of the second and penultimate numbers, will be $n-2$?

Below is a proof that has been scrambled up.
Can you rearrange it into its original order?

Click on student solutions to see some different proofs that students submitted.

Extension:

Can you prove that when you have $n$ consecutive even numbers, the difference between the product of the first and last numbers, and the product of the second and penultimate numbers, will be $4n-8$?

We are very grateful to the Heilbronn Institute for Mathematical Research for their generous support for the development of this resource.