Medicine half life

As the question indicates a long-term level I might imagine having taken the tablets for several days and will assume that the tablets are taken in 12-hourly intervals. When I take a tablet, the amount remaining of the previous tablet will have halved, the tablet before that quartered an so on.

 

If I think carefully and clearly about this then I can write down an expression for the total mass $M(n)$ remaining in the system upon taking the $n$th tablet:

 

$$M(n)=400(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\cdots +\frac{1}{2^{n-1}})mg$$

(With such an expression I should check that the limits are correct: My formula gives$M(1) = 400(1)$ and $M(2) = 400( 1+\frac{1}{2^1})$, which are correct).

 

 $M(n)$ is a geometric series, which sums to

$$M(n)=400(2-\frac{1}{2^{n-1}})$$

 

The long term level is found by taking the large $n$ limit, giving a level of $800$mg in the system, as one might intuitively guess.

 

 

Extension:

If the body breaks down half of the dose every $6$ hours then the levels of the previous tablets will have quartered each time. Thus the relevent geometric series is

$$M(n)=400(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}+\cdots +\frac{1}{4^{n-1}})$$

The sum of this series is

$$M(n)=400\left(\frac{1-{0.25}^n}{1-0.25}\right)$$

The long term level will be $533\frac{1}{3}$mg