### Calendar Capers

Choose any three by three square of dates on a calendar page...

### Card Trick 2

Can you explain how this card trick works?

### Happy Numbers

Take any whole number between 1 and 999, add the squares of the digits to get a new number. Make some conjectures about what happens in general.

# Quick Times

##### Age 11 to 14 Challenge Level:

$$\begin{eqnarray} 32\times 38 &=& 30\times 40 + 2\times 8 \\ 34\times36 &=& 30\times40 + 4\times6\\ 56\times54 &=& 50\times60 + 6\times4\\ 73\times77 &=& 70\times80 + 3\times7\\ \end{eqnarray}$$

Chloe and Nina (Y7) St James Middle School, Bury St Edmunds found these examples:

$$\begin{eqnarray} 81\times89 &=& 80\times90 + 1\times9 = 7209 \\ 72\times78 &=& 70\times80 + 2\times8 = 5616.\\ \end{eqnarray}$$

HOW WE WORKED IT OUT: The units on the first two numbers have to add up to 10 to make this work and the second pair of numbers on the right hand side also have to add up to 10. The tens in the first product on the right hand side have to be 10 apart.

Suzanne Abbott and Nisha Doshi, (Y10) The Mount School, York proved that the method always works. Here is their solution:

Yes these are all correct. Here are some more examples

$$\begin{eqnarray} 51\times59 &=& 50\times60 + 1\times9 \\ 45\times45 &=& 40\times50 + 5\times5\\ \end{eqnarray}$$

It always seems to work. Using algebra, we can try to generalise this

$$\begin{eqnarray} (10a + b)(10a + c) &=& 10a \times10(a + 1) + bc \\ 100a^2 +10ac +10ab + bc &=& 100a^2 + 100a + bc\\ 10ac + 10ab &=& 100a\\ 10a(b + c) &=& 100a\\ so b + c &=& 10\\ \end{eqnarray}$$

This fits with the examples we were given and the ones we have chosen.

This proof depends on the argument being reversible. Set out slightly differently it shows that the method works if and only if $b + c = 10$ and it is perfectly rigorous.

$$\begin{eqnarray} (10a + b)(10a + c) &=& 100a^2 + 10ab + 10ac + bc \\ &=& 100a^2 + 100a + bc + 10ab + 10ac -100a \\ &=& 100a^2 + 100a + bc + 10a(b + c - 10)\\ &=& 10a\times 10(a + 1) + bc \\ \end{eqnarray}$$