### Khun Phaen Escapes to Freedom

Slide the pieces to move Khun Phaen past all the guards into the position on the right from which he can escape to freedom.

### Frieze Patterns in Cast Iron

A gallery of beautiful photos of cast ironwork friezes in Australia with a mathematical discussion of the classification of frieze patterns.

### The Frieze Tree

Patterns that repeat in a line are strangely interesting. How many types are there and how do you tell one type from another?

# Is There a Theorem?

##### Age 11 to 14 Challenge Level:

In the case of the two squares of side length 10cm, the dot travels 80 cm and the position of the dot does not matter.

Trying the same problem with other shapes leads to the following conjecture.

For any two shapes, the first in a fixed position and the second having fixed orientation; if the second shape slides around the first, maintaining contact then the distance travelled by any point on the second shape is the sum of the perimeters of the two shapes.

We show this in three further examples.

Consider two rectangles as in the diagram above. For any two points P and Q, the location of Q relative to P is fixed throughout the motion and so the distance travelled by P is the same as the distance travelled by any particular point that you choose, so we shall choose the point O, the bottom left hand corner of the moving rectangle . The point O moves a distance 2( a + b + c + d ).

A similar argument holds for the triangles and circles shown below, choosing the marked point O in each case. The distance travelled is the sum of the perimeters of the two shapes; you can test this with other shapes!

 Distance travelled is 3t +3 T Distance travelled is 2$\pi$( R + r )