Ratio and proportion

Do each of these scenarios allow you fully to deduce the required facts about the reactants?

Does Joseph have too many sheep in his flock...

The area of a regular pentagon looks about twice as a big as the pentangle star drawn within it. Is it?

Which is a better fit, a square peg in a round hole or a round peg in a square hole?

Straight lines are drawn from each corner of a square to the mid points of the opposite sides. Express the area of the octagon that is formed at the centre as a fraction of the area of the square.

A trapezium is divided into four triangles by its diagonals. Can you work out the area of the trapezium?

A cyclist and a runner start off simultaneously around a race track each going at a constant speed. The cyclist goes all the way around and then catches up with the runner. He then instantly turns around and heads back to the starting point where he meets the runner who is just finishing his first circuit. Find the ratio of their speeds.

What is the ratio of the area of a square inscribed in a semicircle to the area of the square inscribed in the entire circle?

Points P, Q, R and S each divide the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively in the ratio of 2 : 1. Join the points. What is the area of the parallelogram PQRS in relation to the original rectangle?

Anne completes a circuit around a circular track in 40 seconds. Brenda runs in the opposite direction and meets Anne every 15 seconds. How long does it take Brenda to run around the track?