Here's some sound and efficient algebra
from Conor from Queen Elizabeth's Hospital :
We have three numbers, $x, y$ and $z$.
$x + y = 11 \quad (1)$
$y + z = 17 \quad (2) $
$z + x = 22 \quad (3) $
Adding $(1)$ and $(2)$ gives :
$x + 2y + z = 28 $
Putting that another way :
$(x + z) + 2y = 28 \quad (4) $
Substituting $(3)$ into $(4)$ gives :
$22 + 2y = 28 $
So $y = 3$.
Substituting $y = 3$ into $(1)$ gives $x = 8$ and substituting it
into $(2)$ gives $z = 14$.
But Eden has had an excellent approach too
:
$11 + 17 + 22$ uses every number twice and makes a total of $50$
So the total of the three numbers that we need to find is $25$.
If two of them make $11$ together the one not used must have been
$14$.
Two together made $17$, the one not used this time must have been
$8$.
And finally, a pair have a sum of $22$, so the other number is $3$.
The three numbers are $3, 8,$ and $14$
And Mark used some deductive reasoning
combined with an exhaustive approach:
The smallest number must be between $1$ and $5$ to make a smallest
sum of $11$.
If it is $1$ then to make $11$ the second number is $10$.
If the third number is $x$
Then $x+1= 17$
and $x+10 = 22$
This does not work.
I tried the smallest number as $2$, then the second number is $9$
Then $x+2= 17$ and $x+9 = 22$
This also does not work but the two values of $x$ are closer than
last time so I think $3$ will work.
Trying the first number as $3$ and the second as $8$
Then $x+3= 17$ and $x+8 = 22$
This works.