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'Weekly Problem 2 - 2008' printed from http://nrich.maths.org/
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Let T be the centre of the semicircle with diameter QR and let OT produced meet the circumference of the larger semicircle at U .
By symmetry, we note that OT is perpendicular to QR . As TR = TO = TQ (radii of the same semicircle), triangles ORT and OQT are both isosceles, right-angled triangles. So QOR is a right angle.
By Pythagoras' Theorem: QR ² = OQ ² + OR ² = 2² + 2² = 8. So $QR = \sqrt8$ = $2\sqrt2$ and the radius of semicircle QOR is $\sqrt2$.
The area of the shaded region is equal to the area of semicircle QOR plus the area of the quadrant bounded by OQ , OR and arc QUR less the triangle OQR .
So the required area is $\frac12 \pi (\sqrt2)^2$ + $\frac14 \pi 2^2$ - ($\frac12 \times 2 \times 2$) = $\pi + \pi - 2$ = $2\pi$ - 2.
This problem is taken from the UKMT Mathematical Challenges.
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