Bus stop
Two buses leave at the same time from two towns Shipton and Veston on the same long road, travelling towards each other. At each mile along the road are milestones. The buses' speeds are constant and in the ratio 5 to 4. The buses travel to and fro between the towns. What milestones are at Shipton and Veston?
Age
14 to 16
Challenge level
Problem
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Two buses leave at the same time from two towns Shipton and Veston on the same long road, travelling towards each other.
At each mile along the road are milestones. The buses' speeds are constant and in the ratio 5 to 4; the one leaving Shipton is faster (It has a bigger engine!). The buses travel to and fro between the towns .
They meet for the second time at the 145th milestone and for the third time at the 201st milestone. What milestones are at Shipton and Veston?
Getting Started
How about drawing a distance time graph to represent the buses' journeys?
You might then like to look for similar triangles!
Student Solutions
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There were a number of excellent solutions to this problem which revealed three basically different approaches that I think are all worth sharing. James of Audenshaw School offered the following solution and commentary, which reflects the largest proportion of your answers. I like it very much because he explains his journey very well.
Derek adopted an approach based on a graphical solution and using similar triangles. I have included his graph, for interest, below. I used a graphical approach to solve this problem the first time I met it - and I felt that my solution was quite a neat one.
The last solution, and easily the most elegant, was presented by Ian and Charlie of the William Lovell School. I have added a little to their solution for clarity but it is simple and uses no algebra - quite a surprise and very, very nice as it makes excellent use of proportionality.
What a lovely problem.We can establish from this a couple of inequalities and I was tempted to try this but decided it would be a pointless waste of time though linear programming can be fun.
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A bus leaving $x$ must travel to $x+y$ and back to 145 and the bus leaving $x+y$ must travel to $x$ and then to 145. Therefore the distances for the respective buses are: \begin{eqnarray} Bus 1: x \rightarrow x+y \rightarrow 145\\ 2y - (145 - x)\\ Bus 2: x+y \rightarrow x \rightarrow 145\\ y +(145- x) \end{eqnarray} At this point it is not known which of these journeys is the longer journey. One may expect this to be important as it is the longer journey that has been under taken by the faster bus. However I can assure you that this is actually irrelevant but I will assume Bus 2 to be the faster bus. This gives the following equation:
\begin{eqnarray} \frac{y+ (145-x)}{5} &=& \frac{2y-(145-x)}{4} \\ 4(y+145-x) &= & 5(2y-145+x)\\ 1305 &=& 9x + 6y\\ 435 &=& 3x + 2y \end{eqnarray} This equation on its own is of course unsolvable, however if the same technique is applied to the 3rd meeting time an equation in terms of $x$ and $y$ will be achieved again. However although it is not relevant which bus was chosen as the faster it is very important that you select the same bus both times.
\begin{eqnarray} Bus 1: x \rightarrow x+y \rightarrow 145 \rightarrow x \rightarrow 201 \\ 2y (201 - x)\\ Bus 2: x+y \rightarrow x \rightarrow 145 \rightarrow x+y \rightarrow 201\\ 3y - (201 - x) \end{eqnarray} Again we will assume that Bus 2 is the faster bus. This will give the following equation
\begin{eqnarray} \frac{3y -(201-x)}{5} &=& \frac{2y+(201-x)}{4} \\ 4(3y-201 +x) &= & 5(2y+201-x)\\ 1809 &=& 9x + 2y \end{eqnarray} We now have two linear equations in terms of $x$ and $y$ which we need to solve: \begin{equation} 9x+2y= 1809 \end{equation} and \begin{equation} 3x+2y = 435 \end{equation} Solving these two equations we get $$x=229$$ $$y=-126$$
The negative sign for $y$ has happened because James assumed the second bus was the fastest when it was actually the first bus.
Now all that remains is to identify which
town is $x$ and which is $x + y$.
For reasons I have already explained Bus 1
was the faster bus and we are told in the problem definition that
this bus left from Shipton and hence the slower from Veston.
In this solution Bus 1
left from $x$. Therefore $x$ is Shipton and $x + y$ is Veston. So
the milestone at Shipton is $103$ miles and the one at Veston $229$
miles.
Here is the diagram Derek used for his solution. Although his final answer was wrong, the use of similar triangles can result in a reasonably elegant solution.
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Finally Ian's and Charlie's solution, I have
included a diagram of the buses' journeys and made some minor
modifications to the text.
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The fastest bus left from Shipton (green
lines) and the slower from Veston (blue lines). The diagram shows
the three meeting points for the buses as they travel between the
two towns.
The bus from Shipton travels $5$ units in the same time as the
bus from Veston travels $4$ units.
So first, divide the distance between the two towns into nine equal parts.
The first meeting place is A, the second meeting place is B, and the third meeting place is C.
The distance between B and C is : $201 - 145 = 56$
$56$ is four units and so each unit is $14$ miles.
So, to find the milestone of Veston: $201 + 28 = 229$
Milestone of Shipton: $145 - 42 = 103$
Teachers' Resources
This problem is elegantly solved graphically rather than diving
into the algebra. A good lesson.