This problem follows on from the article
Clever
Carl. In the article we described Gauss's method of
calculating the progression $1+2+\ldots +n$ and came up with
the formula $$1+2+\ldots n = \frac{1}{2}n(n+1)$$
(a) Calculate $2+4+\ldots +2n$.
Show that $1+3+5+\ldots +(2n-1)=n^2$.
The sum $1+2+3+\ldots +n$ in an example of an arithmetic progression.
In general, an arithmetic progression is a sum of the form
$a+(a+d)+(a+2d)+\ldots +(a+nd)$ where $a$, $d$ and $n$ are
integers.
(b) Prove that $a+(a+d)+(a+2d)+\ldots
+(a+nd)=\frac{1}{2}(n+1)(2a+nd)$.
(c) Find the sum of all the integers less than $1000$
which are not divisible by $2$ or $3$.