Resources tagged with Mathematical reasoning & proof similar to Counting Fish:
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Random variables. Experimental design. Statistics generally. Handling data. Fractions. Investigations. biology. Sampling and hypothesis tests. Mathematical reasoning & proof. Experimental probability.There are 176 results
Broad Topics > Using, Applying and Reasoning about Mathematics > Mathematical reasoning & proof
Logic, Truth Tables and Switching Circuits Challenge
Stage: 3, 4 and 5
Learn about the link between logical arguments and electronic circuits. Investigate the logical connectives by making and testing your own circuits and fill in the blanks in truth tables to record. . . .
Football Champs
Stage: 3 Challenge Level: 
Three teams have each played two matches. The table gives the total number points and goals scored for and against each team. Fill in the table and find the scores in the three matches.
Unit Fractions
Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
Consider the equation 1/a + 1/b + 1/c = 1 where a, b and c are natural numbers and 0 < a < b < c. Prove that there is only one set of values which satisfy this equation.
Truth Tables and Electronic Circuits
Stage: 3, 4 and 5
Investigate circuits and record your findings in this simple introduction to truth tables and logic.
Problem Solving, Using and Applying and Functional Mathematics
Stage: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
Problem solving is at the heart of the NRICH site. All the problems give learners opportunities to learn, develop or use mathematical concepts and skills. Read here for more information.
Logic, Truth Tables and Switching Circuits
Stage: 3, 4 and 5
Learn about the link between logical arguments and electronic circuits. Investigate the logical connectives by making and testing your own circuits and record your findings in truth tables.
Mouhefanggai
Stage: 4
Imagine two identical cylindrical pipes meeting at right angles and think about the shape of the space which belongs to both pipes. Early Chinese mathematicians call this shape the mouhefanggai.
Mediant
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
If you take two tests and get a marks out of a maximum b in the first and c marks out of d in the second, does the mediant (a+c)/(b+d)lie between the results for the two tests separately.
Classifying Solids Using Angle Deficiency
Stage: 3 and 4 Challenge Level:
Toni Beardon has chosen this article introducing a rich area for practical exploration and discovery in 3D geometry
Number Rules - OK
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Can you convince me of each of the following: If a square number is multiplied by a square number the product is ALWAYS a square number...
Impossible Sandwiches
Stage: 3, 4 and 5
In this 7-sandwich: 7 1 3 1 6 4 3 5 7 2 4 6 2 5 there are 7 numbers between the 7s, 6 between the 6s etc. The article shows which values of n can make n-sandwiches and which cannot.
The Frieze Tree
Stage: 3 and 4
Patterns that repeat in a line are strangely interesting. How many types are there and how do you tell one type from another?
Königsberg
Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
Can you cross each of the seven bridges that join the north and south of the river to the two islands, once and once only, without retracing your steps?
Paradoxes
Stage: 2 and 3
A paradox is a statement that seems to be both untrue and true at the same time. This article looks at a few examples and challenges you to investigate them for yourself.
Pent
Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
The diagram shows a regular pentagon with sides of unit length. Find all the angles in the diagram. Prove that the quadrilateral shown in red is a rhombus.
Matter of Scale
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Prove Pythagoras' Theorem using enlargements and scale factors.
Coins on a Plate
Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
Points A, B and C are the centres of three circles, each one of which touches the other two. Prove that the perimeter of the triangle ABC is equal to the diameter of the largest circle.
Rhombus in Rectangle
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Take any rectangle ABCD such that AB > BC. The point P is on AB and Q is on CD. Show that there is exactly one position of P and Q such that APCQ is a rhombus.
Children at Large
Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
There are four children in a family, two girls, Kate and Sally, and two boys, Tom and Ben. How old are the children?
Pattern of Islands
Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
In how many distinct ways can six islands be joined by bridges so that each island can be reached from every other island...
Magic Squares II
Stage: 4 and 5
An article which gives an account of some properties of magic squares.
Composite Notions
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
A composite number is one that is neither prime nor 1. Show that 10201 is composite in any base.
Similarly So
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
ABCD is a square. P is the midpoint of AB and is joined to C. A line from D perpendicular to PC meets the line at the point Q. Prove AQ = AD.
Yih or Luk Tsut K'i or Three Men's Morris
Stage: 3, 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
Some puzzles requiring no knowledge of knot theory, just a careful inspection of the patterns. A glimpse of the classification of knots and a little about prime knots, crossing numbers and. . . .
Ratty
Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
If you know the sizes of the angles marked with coloured dots in this diagram which angles can you find by calculation?
Postage
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
The country Sixtania prints postage stamps with only three values 6 lucres, 10 lucres and 15 lucres (where the currency is in lucres).Which values cannot be made up with combinations of these postage. . . .
Angle Trisection
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
It is impossible to trisect an angle using only ruler and compasses but it can be done using a carpenter's square.
Take Three from Five
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Caroline and James pick sets of five numbers. Charlie chooses three of them that add together to make a multiple of three. Can they stop him?
Always Perfect
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Show that if you add 1 to the product of four consecutive numbers the answer is ALWAYS a perfect square.
Sixational
Stage: 4 and 5 Challenge Level:
The nth term of a sequence is given by the formula n^3 + 11n . Find the first four terms of the sequence given by this formula and the first term of the sequence which is bigger than one million. . . .
Common Divisor
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Find the largest integer which divides every member of the following sequence: 1^5-1, 2^5-2, 3^5-3, ... n^5-n.
Fitting In
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
The largest square which fits into a circle is ABCD and EFGH is a square with G and H on the line CD and E and F on the circumference of the circle. Show that AB = 5EF. Similarly the largest. . . .
A Biggy
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Find the smallest positive integer N such that N/2 is a perfect cube, N/3 is a perfect fifth power and N/5 is a perfect seventh power.
Why 24?
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Take any prime number greater than 3 , square it and subtract one. Working on the building blocks will help you to explain what is special about your results.
Pythagorean Triples I
Stage: 3 and 4
The first of two articles on Pythagorean Triples which asks how many right angled triangles can you find with the lengths of each side exactly a whole number measurement. Try it!
A Knight's Journey
Stage: 4 and 5
This article looks at knight's moves on a chess board and introduces you to the idea of vectors and vector addition.
Whole Number Dynamics IV
Stage: 4 and 5
Start with any whole number N, write N as a multiple of 10 plus a remainder R and produce a new whole number N'. Repeat. What happens?
Whole Number Dynamics V
Stage: 4 and 5
The final of five articles which containe the proof of why the sequence introduced in article IV either reaches the fixed point 0 or the sequence enters a repeating cycle of four values.
Round and Round
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Prove that the shaded area of the semicircle is equal to the area of the inner circle.
Happy Numbers
Stage: 3 Challenge Level:
Take any whole number between 1 and 999, add the squares of the digits to get a new number. Make some conjectures about what happens in general.
Whole Number Dynamics III
Stage: 4 and 5
In this third of five articles we prove that whatever whole number we start with for the Happy Number sequence we will always end up with some set of numbers being repeated over and over again.
Pythagorean Triples II
Stage: 3 and 4
This is the second article on right-angled triangles whose edge lengths are whole numbers.
Whole Number Dynamics I
Stage: 4 and 5
The first of five articles concentrating on whole number dynamics, ideas of general dynamical systems are introduced and seen in concrete cases.
Whole Number Dynamics II
Stage: 4 and 5
This article extends the discussions in "Whole number dynamics I". Continuing the proof that, for all starting points, the Happy Number sequence goes into a loop or homes in on a fixed point.
Picturing Pythagorean Triples
Stage: 4 and 5
This article discusses how every Pythagorean triple (a, b, c) can be illustrated by a square and an L shape within another square. You are invited to find some triples for yourself.
Pareq Exists
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Prove that, given any three parallel lines, an equilateral triangle always exists with one vertex on each of the three lines.
Folding Fractions
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
What fractions can you divide the diagonal of a square into by simple folding?
Pythagoras Proofs
Stage: 4 Challenge Level:
Can you make sense of these three proofs of Pythagoras' Theorem?
Breaking the Equation ' Empirical Argument = Proof '
Stage: 2, 3, 4 and 5
This article stems from research on the teaching of proof and offers guidance on how to move learners from focussing on experimental arguments to mathematical arguments and deductive reasoning.
NRICH is part of the family of activities in the Millennium Mathematics Project.