For a right angled isosceles triangle of short sides 10km the usual flat Pythagoras theorem gives a hypotenuse of Using the Pythagoras on a sphere we have the length of the hypotenuse equal to
The percentage error in this case is 0.00002%.

For the last part of the problem we have the following results.

x (km) Curved BC Flat BC Actual error % error
10 14.14213 14.14214 0.000003 0.00002%
100 141.418 141.421 0.003 0.002%
200 282.82 282.84 0.03 0.009%
300 424.2 424.3 0.1 0.02%
400 565.5 565.7 0.2 0.04%
500 706.7 707.1 0.4 0.06%
656.2515676 927 928 0.9 0.1000000%
1000 1411 1414 3.3 0.2%
5000 6610 7071 461.3 7%