How does "REPEAT" work

First another gentle reminder of the primitives:

  FD forward  BK backward
  LT left  RT right
  PU pen up    PD pen down
  HT hide turtle   ST show turtle
  CS clear screen   CT clear text

One essential primitive not included so far is the REPEAT command, which has no abbreviation.
e.g. REPEAT 4 [FD 40 RT 90]
(Note the use of square brackets)
Perhaps this appears self explanatory to you?
Without doubt it is a more convenient way of coding the following instructions:
                      

     FD 40 RT 90
  FD 40 RT 90
  FD 40 RT 90
  FD 40 RT 90
Or FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90 FD 40 RT 90

                 
Either of the above sets of commands can be written:-                   REPEAT 4 [ FD 40 RT 90]

You might like to IMAGINE the following instructions:-

            REPEAT 5 [FD 30 RT 72]
            REPEAT 5 [FD 30 RT 144]

What shapes are described?    Make a sketch of what you imagine.  

What about the following:
            REPEAT 5 [FD 30 RT 216]
            REPEAT 5 [FD 30 RT 288]

Imagine first; think the command through, perhaps make a sketch before testing out on your machine what you have 'seen' with your mind's eye.

Using the 'REPEAT' command allows procedures to be constructed more succinctly.