Shortest distance out of a wood


By Yatir Halevi on Monday, December 16, 2002 - 11:11 am:
A man parachoutes into a forest with area S. The shape of the forest is unkown to him, but he knows that the area is S and that it is fully covered by trees. Prove that there is a route that he can walk such that the distance he covers wont be greater than
2
Ö
 

pS
 


Yatir

P.S. The original question was in Hebrew, so I hope I translated it correctly.
By Brad Rodgers on Monday, December 16, 2002 - 06:30 pm:

I think the translation is alright, but you might want to, if I've interpreted the problem correctly, reword the last sentence, for clarity, to:

''Prove that there is a route of length
2
Ö
 

pS
 

such that, if followed, regardless of the orientation and position at which the man lands, he will eventually be led out of the forest.''
That is, of course, a good deal harder to follow than what you've typed, so maybe yours is better after all.

In any case, to see the solution, consider a circle of radius

Ö
 

S/p
 

. This circle has area S, but circumference
2
Ö
 

pS
 

. If no point of this circle goes outside of the forest, the inside of the circle is a subset of the forest, and so the forest must have an area larger than S. Here's a diagram:
Circle inside forest

The circle may be walked in any direction.

Brad
By Yatir Halevi on Monday, December 16, 2002 - 06:55 pm:

Got it! Thanks. This is how I thought of doing it.
I had a hard time translating the last sentence, you phrased it just fine :)

Yatir


By Angelina Lai on Tuesday, December 17, 2002 - 09:02 pm:

Lol that's actually what I did but something still went wrong - but I might have an idea of what it is. Thank you v. much!


By Richard Mycroft on Thursday, December 19, 2002 - 12:01 pm:

Wait a minute...

The forest could have a clearing in the middle and so have area less than S whilst still encompassing the path


By Yatir Halevi on Thursday, December 19, 2002 - 12:41 pm:

When I said that it is fully covered by trees, I meant that there is no clearing....:)


By Brad Rodgers on Thursday, December 19, 2002 - 06:00 pm:

That's interesting, though; I think if clearings are allowed, there is, in fact, no path he could follow that would always lead him out - no matter how long the path was. The forest could just cover the path and could be made of arbitrarily small width around the path.

Brad


By Colin Prue on Thursday, December 19, 2002 - 06:42 pm:

That would be the freakiest wood I ever saw - i guess this is another occassion where a mathematician has taken a common everyday word and stretched it into something arbitrarily long, thin, and unrecognisable...i like it!


By Philip Ellison on Thursday, December 19, 2002 - 09:48 pm:

Of course, a wood can't be of arbitrarily thin width... sooner or later you're going to reach a limit (either when you decide that what you've got no longer constitutes a "wood" or when you get to widths less than that of a tree). Of course this opens the whole "vagueness paradox" (is there a better term for this?) issue. I'm not being pedantic... just pointing out a limitation of the mathematical model being used.


By Dan Goodman on Friday, December 20, 2002 - 06:45 pm:

Brad, what you say is true for any fixed finite length, but can you (or anyone else) think of a path that would work if you were allowed an infinitely long path? (Also, you'd have to assume that the wood is never so thin that it is actually 1 dimensional.)


By Brad Rodgers on Friday, December 20, 2002 - 07:40 pm:



I think any path that ended up being an infinite distance from the starting point would work. For, would the woods cover it, and be of thickness > e, then the woods would have to be at least of area

(distance traveled) ×e®¥
Brad


By Dan Goodman on Saturday, December 21, 2002 - 12:04 am:

Not quite, because you could have a wood that got thinner and thinner as you go outwards but is never actually of zero width. For example, the positive real axis as the path and the set of points (x,y) such that x> =0 and |y|< =1/x as the wood.


By Marcos on Saturday, December 21, 2002 - 06:55 am:

Sorry to cut down the pace of this discussion but I don't really understand what you're talking about now... Could someone please elaborate... If we allow arbitrary "clearings" then where is the outside of the forest that we're trying to reach?

Marcos


By Dan Goodman on Saturday, December 21, 2002 - 10:56 pm:

You could either say that all clearings count as "outside" the forest or you could say that the outside of the forest is any clearing which has an infinite area. There might be more than one "outside" with this definition though, for example if your forest was all the points (x,y) with |x|< =1 then there would be two outsides, the points (x,y) with x> 1 and the points (x,y) with x< -1. I was thinking about the first one but the example I have in mind would work for any region that you are thinking of as the outside of the forest.


By Brad Rodgers on Tuesday, December 24, 2002 - 11:38 pm:

Dan - Is there any such path? I don't think so; you could make a forest such that, upon walking a distance of n along a path, the amount of area that you've seen of the forest (perpindicular [or normal, to be techincal] to the path, lets say) is S - 1/n. Given the general ambiguity of this paragraph, I'll probably post an image if anyone asks for one.

Brad


By Dan Goodman on Wednesday, December 25, 2002 - 03:36 am:

Brad, I'm pretty sure I could describe a path that would work. Think about either approximations to space filling curves (do you know about these?) or spirals.


By Brad Rodgers on Friday, December 27, 2002 - 08:12 pm:

Ah, a space filling curve would of course work! I'm not sure I see how a spiral could work, though...


By Dan Goodman on Sunday, December 29, 2002 - 06:05 am:

A space filling curve would work abstractly, but it wouldn't be much help to you if you actually found yourself in a very oddly shaped wood because you'd never get anywhere. In most of the standard space filling curves the length of all subpaths is infinite so to move from your starting position you'd have to travel infinitely fast.

The solution I have in mind is this: start off by traversing a finite length path that comes within a distance of 1 of every point within a radius of 1 of your starting point and ends up at your original starting point (actually, not moving at all would do this). Next, traverse a path that comes within a distance of 1/2 of every point within a radius of 2 of your starting point. Continue in this way and eventually you will get as close as you like to any point in the entire space after a finite (but possibly very long) period of time.

Does that explain how approximations to space filling curves and spirals come in?