Congratulations to Curt, Reigate College and to
Andrei, Tudor Vianu National College, Bucharest, Romania
for you solutions to this problem
When AB is a diameter angle ACB is 90 degrees so we can use Pythagoras' Theorem. The
area of the triangle is given by 1/2ab = 1/2ch where h is the length of the
perpendicular from C to AB. Then
(a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab=c2+2ch.
Thus (a+b)2 is a maximum
when h is a maximum and equal to the radius of the circle 1/2c . So the maximum value of a+b is cÖ2.
When AB is not a diameter we have (using the Cosine Rule):
(a+b)2
= a2 +b2 + 2ab
= c2 + 2abcosÐACB +2ab
= c2 +2ab(1+cosÐACB)
=c2 +4ab cos21/2ÐACB.
.
As the area of triangle ACB is given by
D = 1/2absinÐACB we have
(a+b)2
= c2 + [(8Dcos21/2ÐACB)/(sinÐACB)]
= c2 + 4Dcot 1/2ÐACB
.
If we keep A and B fixed and vary C then, as c and Ð ACB are constant, and the area of the triangle D is a
maximum when h is a maximum, it follows that a + b is a
maximum when h is a maximum, that is when a=b and the altitude
of the triangle drawn from C to AB is a line of symmetry of
the triangle. In this case
a=b=[c(2sin 1/2ÐACB)].
Conjecture: Let Q be a variable cyclic quadrilateral in a circle
of radius r. Then the area and the perimeter of Q will be a
maximum when Q is a square; that is when each of the diagonals
of the quadrilateral is a diameter and each diagonal bisects
of the other diagonal at right angles.
Labelling Q as ABCD, consider triangle ABC with AC fixed and B
varying. Let B¢ be the position of B when, by the previous
result AB + BC is a maximum, that is when AB = BC Note that
this also gives the maximum area of triangle ABC. Similarly by
considering triangle ADC with AC fixed, we find D¢ where
AD+DC is a maximum and AD=DC. Now B¢D¢ is a diameter, keep
this fixed and consider triangles B¢CD¢ and B¢AD¢. The
positions of C and A that maximise the perimeter and area are
C¢ and A¢ where A¢C¢ is a diameter. Hence, for the perimeter
and area of Q to be a maximum all the sides of the quadrilateral
must be equal making Q a square. Hence the maximum perimeter is
4rÖ2 and the maximum area is 2r2.