Andre (age 15), from Romania, tackled
this problem. Here's his solution, which uses vectors:
In the Cartesian system of axes, the vector
, with the
origin at (0,0,0) and end point at (1,1,1) could be written as:
where
,
and
are the unit vectors of the axes Ox, Oy and Oz
respectively.
Now, linking end to end 10 vectors
comes to multiplying
the vector
by 10, so that one obtains a vector with the
origin at (0,0,0) and end point at (10,10,10).
For the vector
:
.
Adding up 2 such vectors, one easily sees that the resulting vector has the
origin at (0,0,0) and the end point at (2,6,4). Adding up 10 such vectors, the
origin remains the same and the end point is (10, 30, 20). For
vectors, the
end point is
.
If the starting point is (1,0,-1) and the vector to be drawn is
, then the end point will be at
, i.e. at
.
If the origin is at
, the end point is at
.
If the vector is
, and its
origin is at (-3,0,2), its end point will be at
.
If for the same vector the origin is at
, its end point will be at
.
If the vector of interest is now
,
in the general case of the origin at
, the end point will be at
.
Stephen (from Framwellgate School,
Durham) solved the problem and went on to think about what
happens if you alternate segments. Here is what he sent us
:
With AB followed by CD (if we count AB as segment 1 and CD as
segment 2) we can see that 2 segments makes
(1,1,1)+(1,3,2)=(2,4,3) therefore the nth segment when n is even
is (n,2n,3n/2) because we need to divide it by 2, as (2,4,3) is 2
segments. For n segments when n is odd, n-1 is even so take the
n-1th segment from last coordinates to give (n-1,2(n-1),3(n-1)/2)
and add (1,1,1), because this is the first segment and therefore
will be the last segment on odd number of segments (n) - to get:
(n,2n-1,(3n-1)/2) if starting from (a,b,c) then we just need to
add this coordinate to the two solutions.