To find the factors of a number, you have to find all the pairs of number that multiply together to give that number.
The factors of 48 are:
1 and 48 2 and 24 3 and 16 4 and 12 6 and 8
If we leave out the number we started with, 48, and add all the other factors we get 76. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 12 + 16 + 24 = 76
So .... 48 is called an abundant number because it is less than the sum of its factors (without itself). (48 is less than 76)
Now... find some more abundant numbers!