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Let the hats of monkeys A, B and C be a, b and c respectively. 
This table shows the ways in which the monkeys can select hats.

A B C
a b c
a c b
b a c
b c a
c a b
c b a


In only two of the six ways do none of the monkeys have the same hat as when they arrived, hence the required probability is
$$\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}$$



This problem is taken from the UKMT Mathematical Challenges.
You can find more short problems, arranged by curriculum topic, in our short problems collection.