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The Puzzling Sweet Shop
Rosie went into the sweet shop with $10$p to spend.
There were chews for $2$p, mini eggs for $3$p, Chocko bars for $5$p and lollypops for $7$p.
What could she buy if she wanted to spend all her money?
Alice, James, Katie and Henry went into the shop too. They each had $20$p to spend and they all spent all of their money.
Alice bought at least one of each kind of sweet. Which one did she have two of?
James spent his money on just one kind of sweet, but he does not like chews. Which sweets did he buy?
Katie bought the same number of sweets as James but she had $3$ different kinds. Which sweets did she buy?
Henry chose $8$ sweets. What could he have bought?
Why do this problem?
This problem presents learners with a pleasant and familiar situation in which to explore aspects of the four operations. It also relies on finding all possibilities so can be used to focus on working systematically.
Possible approach
It might be helpful just to have the image displayed, or for you to redraw a similar image, and for you to ask the questions orally rather than children having to read from the screen.
Begin with Rosie and suggest children work in pairs to find possible solutions. After a minute or so, you might like to take a couple of answers and then emphasise you'd like to know all the combinations that Rosie could have bought. In a mini-plenary invite learners to share different ways of going about finding them all and draw attention to those who have developed a system, for example starting with the most expensive sweet (a lollipop) and seeing what could be bought with that; then looking at the next most expensive and finding the combinations which could go with it etc. At this stage, you may also want to highlight some good ways of recording that children have come up with.
Once you have explained about the other four children, you could jot a reminder of how they each spent their $20$p on the board and leave the class to explore possibilities this time. When you bring their ideas together, you may want to praise those who have developed systematic ways of working based on the earlier discussions and those who explain their reasoning clearly.
Key questions
How do you know you have all the possibilities?
Possible extension
Learners could investigate how other amounts of money perhaps between $10$p and $20$p, could be spent exactly.
Possible support
It could be useful for children to have objects to represent the sweets, for example coloured counters.