This article explains how credit card numbers are defined and the check digit serves to verify their accuracy.

How many six digit numbers are there which DO NOT contain a 5?

How many positive integers less than or equal to 4000 can be written down without using the digits 7, 8 or 9?

Consider all two digit numbers (10, 11, . . . ,99). In writing down all these numbers, which digits occur least often, and which occur most often ? What about three digit numbers, four digit numbers. . . .