### Odd Differences

The diagram illustrates the formula: 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n - 1) = n² Use the diagram to show that any odd number is the difference of two squares.

### Factorial

How many zeros are there at the end of the number which is the product of first hundred positive integers?

### Rachel's Problem

Is it true that $99^n$ has 2n digits and $999^n$ has 3n digits? Investigate!

# Enriching Experience

##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:

Oops, there was a typographic error in the formula at the start of the month. It is right now. Thank you to Andrei Lazanu of school 205 Bucharest for what follows.

First, I tried to solve the problem in the "conventional mathematical way", and I listed the powers of 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 from 0 to 9, looking in each case to eliminate those greater than 5 digit numbers, attributed to both $r^n$ and $c^h$.

Because it seemed very long, I tried the problem from a "calculatoristic" point of view:

First I observed that N must be greater than 0, and each other number must have the values from 0 to 9. I wrote a program in MATLAB to calculate the numbers.

The idea of the program is to test for all digits the values from 0 (1) to 9. For this I wrote a cycle allowing $n$ to have values between 1 and 9.For each value of $n$, I give an inside cycle, to $r$ values from 0 to 9. So, this works as follows: $n$ has the value 1, and for this $r$ has in turn values from 0 to 9. This is the idea of a cycle inside another one. Each cycle ends with end.

For this problem there are 5 cycles, the most interior being for $h$, that has values between 0 and 9.

When I arrived at this cycle, I test if the condition of the problem: $r^n - i + c^h = 1000\times r+100\times i+10\times c+h$is fulfilled. If yes, the number $1000\times r+100\times i+10\times c+h$is written on the screen.

Because this way I'll find all solutions, even with repeated digits, I must in a further step eliminate them.

Here is the program:

for n=1:9;

for r=0:9;

for i=0:9;

for c=0:9;

for h=0:9;

if $r^n - i + c^h - 10000 n - 1000 \times r - 100 \times i - 10 \times c - h == 0$

a =[n r i c h]

end

end

end

end

end

end

The results given were the following:

a = 5 9 0 5 0

and

a = 5 9 2 6 3

As in the first one the digits are not distinct, this is not a solution.

The second is the unique solution of the problem:

n = 5
r = 9
i = 2
c = 6
h = 3