### Why do this problem?

This problem offers students the opportunity to consider the underlying structure behind multiples and remainders, as well as leading to some very nice generalisations and justifications.

### Possible approach

Display the image of the four bags (available as a PowerPoint slide).
Alternatively, you could start with this image, with 7s, 10s, 13s and 16s.

"Here are some bags containing lots of $1$s, $4$s, $7$s and $10$s. I'd like you to choose any three numbers from the bags and add them together."
Clarify that they can reuse numbers if they like, then collect some of their answers on the board.

"What do you notice?"  "They're all multiples of three".
"Try to find three numbers from the bags that don't add up to a multiple of three. If you can't do it, see if you can come up with an explanation of why it's not possible."

Give students some time to work in pairs. While they are working, circulate and listen to their ideas. Then bring the class together to share insights.

If the class have not developed a useful representation of their own, you could introduce Charlie's and/or Alison's representation from the problem.

"Next, I'd like you to explore what happens if you select four numbers from the bag, or five, or six, or... In a while I'm going to pick a large number at random. Your challenge will be to tell me what is special about the total if I selected that many numbers from the set of bags."

Give students time to work in pairs on the task. Then bring the class together and choose a large number such as $99$ or $100$: "What would be special about the total if I added $99$ numbers chosen from the bags?" Make sure students explain their reasoning with reference to the structure of the problem rather than just by spotting a pattern.

### Key questions

What's the smallest number I can make?
What's the next smallest?
What is special about the numbers that make up each set of bags?

### Possible extension

Take Three from Five and What Numbers Can We Make Now? are suitable follow-up problems.

### Possible support

Begin by asking students to explore what happens when they add two, three, four... numbers chosen from a set of bags containing $2$s, $4$s, $6$s and $8$s. Can they explain their findings?