Why do this problem?
This problem draws together knowledge of coordinates, factors
and multiples and potentially Pythagoras' Theorem and gradients,
with lots of scope for making conjectures and justifying them in a
relatively secure mathematical context. Experimental evidence can
be supported by argument and there is opportunity to share
different ideas and assess other people's reasoning.
Possible approach
There are two key points to establish at the start of the
investigation:
- the focus on crossing squares. There is significant guidance in
the question but you may wish to start with the diagram and ask
learners to describe what they see. If necessary, focus can be
drawn to the ways in which the lines cross the grid by asking what
is the same and what is different about pairs or groups of
lines.
- the need to impose constraints so that variation can be
controlled by the learners. Discuss, and list, what can be varied
and how these variables might be controlled.
Encourage groups to write their ideas on a conjecture board
before they agree where they might start and how they might
demonstrate, and then prove, a relationship.
Allow time towards the end of the work for learners to share
findings and feedback on the strength of each others'
arguments.
Key questions
- What happens if one coordinate is twice the other, or three
times, or four... times?
- What happens if the coordinates have a factor of two or three
or four... in common?
- Are there coordinates that build on the same rectangle? Can you
predict families of such coordinates?
- Can you see a connection between the gradients of lines and the
rectangles they cross?
Possible extension
What about considering the gradients of the lines?
Can the argument be extended into three dimensions?
Possible support
Model a particular case - for example where the coordinates
are equal.
Encourage learners to draw lines allowing only one degree of
freedom and explore controlled situations in this way.