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'Nine Eigen' printed from https://nrich.maths.org/
A vector ${\bf v}$ is fixed by a matrix if
$$
M{\bf v} = {\bf v}
$$
The vector direction of ${\bf v}$ is fixed if there is some number
$\lambda\neq 0$ such that
$$ M{\bf v} = \lambda{\bf v} $$
This resource introduces concepts
which appear in the later Further Pure Mathematics A
Level modules.