### Mathematical Issues for Chemists

A brief outline of the mathematical issues faced by chemistry students.

### Reaction Rates

Explore the possibilities for reaction rates versus concentrations with this non-linear differential equation

### Catalyse That!

Can you work out how to produce the right amount of chemical in a temperature-dependent reaction?

# Cobalt Decay

##### Stage: 5 Challenge Level:

The element cobalt has one stable isotope: $^{59}$Co.

Chemists can construct several different isotopes of this element with varying numbers of neutrons. All are unstable; the five most stable are given in the following table (y=years, d=days, m=minutes)

 Isotope Half life $^{60}$Co 5.2714 y $^{57}$Co 271.79 d $^{56}$Co 77.27 d $^{58}$Co 70.86 d $^{55}$Co 17.53 h

I have a lump of pure cobalt, called sample $X$. I know that sample X is uniformly composed of differing quantities of the various isotopes of cobalt (including, possibly, some of the more unstable isotopes not listed in the table above) in nice ratios.

I take a piece of sample $X$ of weight $100$ g and leave it to decay.

After exactly $10$ days $68.402$g of cobalt remains in the sample. What information does this give you about the possible initial composition of the sample? For example, are there any isotopes which you can work out must be, or cannot be, present in the sample? Use your common sense and simple calculations before attempting a numerically detailed analysis!

After $90$ days in total $58.283$g of cobalt remains. After $360$ days $48.359$g of cobalt remains.

How accurately can you determine the composition of the original sample?

NOTES AND BACKGROUND

Data sourced from http://ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm