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Vicki Pike was one of four NRICH
Teacher Fellows who worked on embedding NRICH materials into their
teaching during the year 2008 - 2009. During the project, Vicki was
teaching a maths set, containing 26 children (20 Year 6, 6 Year 5)
ranging from level 4C to 5A at the start of the year. In this article, she writes about her
experiences .
Where will I get the time to do this as well as teaching all
the other objectives? (and subjects)
Obviously within my group there was less pressure on
curriculum coverage as most were competent with Year 6 objectives,
or took little teaching time to become competent with them, and
there was a clear need for extension which the NRICH activities
really helped me fulfil in a motivating way. However, I feel that
these activities could be used with any group as they are
accessible at many levels and offer opportunities for those more
lateral thinkers who are not necessarily the most numerically
able.
As well as the Topic Search on the site, I found the Curriculum
Mapping Documents really helpful as they suggest problems suitable
for the various strands and year groups and show the Using and
Applying objectives clearly. I think it can be easy to fail to
cover all of these regularly because of the focus on knowledge and
skills. I used them to track down any problems across Stage 2 and 3
that linked to objectives I was hoping to cover. For example, to
ensure pupils were familiar with all the vocabulary of mathematical
properties I used the '
Factors and Multiples Puzzle ' (Stage 3 *) which required them
to have, or acquire, an understanding of prime, square and
triangular numbers.
Why focus on problem solving?
- It is a life skill;
- It is applicable in other areas and across the curriculum;
- It can engender a sense of achievement and satisfaction;
improves self-confidence;
- It can and should be enjoyable;
- It offers opportunities to apply numerical skills;
- Oh, and it's in the SATs papers.
I have previously found students to be stymied by problems
expecting more than one possible solution. My class this year
instead seemed to find such questions reassuringly straightforward
compared to some of the NRICH problems we'd considered.
How could I start using these resources?
I found that initially some children found it quite difficult
to tackle any question where the answer was not immediately obvious
and they also had little idea about how to organise their
solutions. I began by using some of the more closed questions (look
for those with one star of challenge usually) as starters or one
lesson sessions. For example:
This was great as a starter; everyone could understand what to
do and there was some really good discussion generated. It enabled
lower ability students to make observations and explain reasoning
(especially what happens when you multiply by 0 or 1) It was
possible to pose questions like:
Why do you think 7 and 11 are missing? What do we know about
those numbers?
and extend thinking.
We tackled this using multilink for those who wanted to (this
became a bit of a problem for those wanting to make the 10 x 10
staircase). This was a problem I put up on the wall and allowed
children to add their ideas to it and continue doing so over the
week. The excellent interactivity enabled a clear discussion of
square numbers and it was also good for a simple demonstration of
algebra/square notation. Children liked having to write clear (but
short and easy) solutions for others to read. We focussed quite a
lot on how to record ideas and solutions tried. Gradually there was
an awareness of the usefulness of tabulating ideas, starting with
smaller numbers and working systematically.
As part of my INSET with trainee teachers we considered ways
in which these resources could be used and came up with:
a) whole class sessions lasting one or more lessons (these
were my personal favourites)
b) extension tasks to be introduced as a whole class and then
worked on when other work finished for a period of time. A
long-term display could be linked with this, to which children add
their solutions as they finish them. I found 'Up and Down
Staircases' worked well in this way. There is then a need to have a
session considering everyone's ideas and sum things up.
c) Homework tasks for everyone, or to stretch the more able (I
found they completed and returned these well but did feel that I
didn't always value their work or follow up on it enough. I will
plan better for this next year.)
d) Time set aside each month for consideration of the newly
published problems and a chance for children to submit solutions
and ideas (mine LOVED seeing their ideas appear on the website).
Great if you can use a computer suite for this as children can work
on the problems away from the computers and then e-mail their
ideas. VERY motivating and really makes them think about:
- Is my solution correct?
- Does my solution make sense to someone else?

One of the most successful problems I used was called
First Connect Three. There are actually two differentiated
games available. We played first with me against the class (very
motivating) and then in pairs on computers and using dice and
gameboards. I had to fight against the urge to tell my pupils to
stop playing but actually they did all get onto tackling the
questions related to the game in the end. This was really open
ended, some children found it hard to decide what they were being
asked to do and we never even got to a very settled solution, but
had a lot of fun on the way towards one. I allowed children to
choose which one to tackle as one involved subtracting negative
numbers, and they self selected well. In hindsight I would have
thought more carefully about how to introduce this concept as some
really struggled, but many have retained the ideas raised. There is
a nice
article on the site that might help others with this. Children
found it quite difficult to express their strategies and ideas,
except for the most able who were eventually motivated by the
published solution asking for further info and thanking our class
for making a start on it (this was a couple of weeks later, and
they were still engaged and wanted to write in with their improved
ideas).
I have noticed a definite improvement in their attitude to
open ended questions; when I started the July 2008 '
Cubes Here and There ' problem, the children were almost
immediately engrossed.
The interactivities are great and often fun - my children
enjoyed
Various Venns and
More Carroll Diagrams as they could move the numbers about on
screen (even though these were a bit easy for them). However, most
of our problem solving went on away from the computer as the
resources can be very easily printed off, and it was often helpful
to have an IWB to display the site on. And it's FREE and updated
monthly, with children's solutions published and
acknowledged.
Hang on a minute, these look really hard! What if I can't solve
them?
It can be quite intimidating as a teacher to start a lesson
with no idea where the children might take you! I find this quite
exhilarating but appreciate that it is by no means everybody's cup
of tea. Therefore: don't panic! All problems on the mapping
documents, and many others, have a 'Teachers' Notes' section
suggesting in a helpful, step by step, manner how a problem might
be introduced. Most problems (except for the newly published ones)
have solutions so it is possible to check where you might be
heading before you start.
Part of the importance of open ended work like this is for
students to consider how mathematical problems may have one
solution or many or maybe none! My children have really warmed to
this idea from an initial attitude of, in some extreme cases,
abject panic. We have particularly enjoyed problems where the whole
class contribute ideas over a longer time, such as
Tiles on a
Patio where children are still adding ideas/contributions a
month later.
My school is embracing cross-curricular teaching - does this
feed into this? Not directly, but the skills developed by this kind
of working could then be employed in a more cross-curricular
fashion.
My group worked to develop an outdoor problem-solving maths
trail that other classes in the school could use, including
researching the cost of playground markings and evaluating each
others' questions for clarity. This still needs some work as they
tend to favour questions of the 'count how many benches there are
and multiply by the number of trees' kind rather than anything
investigative but they are slowly beginning to consider the
mathematical merit of what a problem could be asking them to
do.
Looking forward
I am very keen to continue the use of NRICH resources. I want
to use more and formalise my use of them more regularly for display
and homework. I am interested in considering more ways to encourage
and structure group work to support the less confident. I have used
talking partners a lot this year as it has been a whole school
focus, and rotated pairs around but I am interested by the idea of
setting up formal group roles such as facilitator, group leader,
reporter etc as I have used this sometimes in other subject areas
but not considered really applying them in maths.
Working with others
I would really like to pair up with a teacher of a much less
able set and mentor their use of the site and resources and see
what happens, as it is hard to answer the charge of this being fine
for me with the more able.
I have worked a lot with others during informal
discussion/planning time within my department and this meant it has
been easy to demonstrate what I have done or how pupils we all knew
well had responded. It was also possible to make suggestions of
problems they could use.
I have also posted some ideas and suggestion on the TES
website primary forum during relevant discussions. I led an INSET
session for PGCE trainees where we considered a selection of
problems and evaluated our emotional and intellectual response to
them and also considered the importance of problem solving skills
(see above). I explained the curriculum mapping document and gave
everyone time with a computer to explore the site and identify
problems related to their current teaching topics. General feedback
was very positive: trainees were unfamiliar with the site and
raised questions about time/curriculum coverage/strategies to
support less able etc but left feeling positive and with some
planning to use examples. More formally, I will lead a whole school
INSET for staff as a reflection of the whole year, how well the
experience of being a teacher fellow has worked and to structure
how my experiences can be drawn on throughout the school.
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