Why do this problem?

This problem provides an opportunity to think about what the shape of a graph means, by relating the graph to the situation which created it. Students need to reason which graph matches with which solid, and clearly communicate their ideas. Along the way, there is the chance to revisit formulas for working out the volumes of solids.

Possible approach

Start by asking students to sketch the four solids described in the problem:
1) A sphere of radius $1$cm
2) A solid cylinder with height $\frac{4}{3}$cm and radius $1$cm
3) A solid circular cone with base radius $1$cm and height $4$cm.
4) A solid cylinder of height $\frac{4}{9}$cm with a hole drilled through it, leaving an annular (ring-shaped) cross-section with internal radius $1$cm and external radius $2$cm.

Then for each of the solids, students could work out the volume - this is a good opportunity to discuss the advantages of leaving answers in terms of $\pi$.

Now hand out this worksheet with the five graphs on. Challenge students to label the axes and the five graphs, annotating each curve along the way to show key points where interesting things are happening, and how they relate to the shape of the solid.

Finally, bring the class together to discuss their answers and how they pieced together which graph is which.

Key questions

What does a straight line section of graph tell you about the cross section of the solid being immersed?

Possible support

Maths Filler offers an opportunity to work with graphs showing changing volumes based on simple surface areas and graphs made up of straight lines rather than curves.

Possible extension

See extension task at the end of the problem.