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Tug of War
Here is a game for two players.
You will need a counter (or something similar), paper and two 1-6 dice.
How to play:
Draw a number line on paper like this:
Place the counter on the number 14:
One player is called 'Plus' and the other is called 'Minus'. Decide who is who.
Plus moves the counter from left to right and Minus moves the counter from right to left.
Take it in turns to throw the two dice and add up the two numbers.
Move the counter that number of places in your direction.
If the counter reaches 1, Minus has won and so, of course if the counter reaches 27, Plus has won.
You might think about whether you have to land exactly at 1 or 27 or if you're allowed to end up beyond those points. What difference will it make if you are allowed to go beyond rather than landing exactly on the end numbers?
Once you have got used to the game, you might like to make some changes. You can decide. Perhaps you might have one counter each and see who gets to their end first; perhaps you might find the difference between the two numbers on the dice; perhaps you might use three dice; perhaps you might use one dice and a shorter line...
When you've changed the rules you can talk about whether or not your change makes the game better to play.
Why play this game?
This game is designed to get children used to moving along a number line either side of a central point. It can help to introduce the idea of negative numbers.
The game can be tweaked to encourage higher level thinking, for example by giving children the choice of adding or subtracting the two dice numbers each turn. This means they will need to make decisions rather than rely solely on chance. In this case, children are practising addition and subtraction, and looking at all possibilities, so that they can move the number of spaces that suits them
best.
What children need to know to play this game
To play this game independently children need to be able to use a dice and count their move using the number thrown. They need to be able to distinguish moves to the left from moves to the right.
Possible approach
Start by dividing the class into two teams, one Plus and one Minus, to play against each other on the board. Throw two dice and call out the numbers for each team's turn, inviting a child to come up and move the counter each time. Having played a few times, ask the children whether they think it would be a better game if the counter has to reach the end exactly. Decide on some new rules to
test this out and ask the children to play in pairs again.
Bring the class together and ask which version of the game they thought was better and why. Listen out for children who back up their opinion with a clear reason. Next, introduce a new version whereby children can add or subtract the dice numbers. Play in two teams using the board again to get a feel for this new game. Each time you throw the dice, ask the children what the two possibilities
are i.e. the result of adding the two numbers and the result of subtracting the smaller from the larger. Discuss which would be best in terms of the move to be made and why. Then invite pairs to play on paper (they can decide whether the counter needs to reach the end of the board exactly or not).
In the plenary, ask the class which version of the game they thought was best and why. In this case, draw out responses which indicate that the choice of adding or subtracting means players are more in control. You could suggest that children invent their own rules to make better games, perhaps over a longer period of time, and you could dedicate an area of your wall to their ideas.
Key questions
These questions have been phrased in ways that will help you to identify children's prior knowledge about both the number concepts involved in playing the game and the strategies/mathematical thinking needed to win.
Number concepts
Shall we add or subtract the two numbers? Why?
Is it better to play a game where you can add or subtract the numbers on the dice? Why?
Problem solving, mathematical reasoning and winning strategies
Is it better to play a game where you have to reach the end exactly, or where you can go over the end? Why?
Can you think of some different rules of your own?
What makes your game better than the other versions?
Possible extension
In addition to analysing the rules of this game as suggested, the game
Tug Harder could be played which explicitly introduces a number line including negative numbers.
Possible support
The game can be simplified by using one dice and moving the number thrown instead of adding the numbers on two dice. In this case having a shorter number line to 15 and starting at 8 would be better.
Children could try the
Incey Wincey Spider game as a precursor to this one.
