### More Mods

What is the units digit for the number 123^(456) ?

### Novemberish

a) A four digit number (in base 10) aabb is a perfect square. Discuss ways of systematically finding this number. (b) Prove that 11^{10}-1 is divisible by 100.

### A Biggy

Find the smallest positive integer N such that N/2 is a perfect cube, N/3 is a perfect fifth power and N/5 is a perfect seventh power.

# Negative Power

##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:

We had a number of good answers, with commentary, on this problem including from Samantha (The Steele School), and Helen (Lady Margaret School).

I thought about the '$4$ to the power $3$ to the power $2$' question on the Hint page.

If I did $4$ to the power of ($3$ to the power $2$) that would be $4$ to the power $9$.

If instead I did ($4$ to the power $3$) to the power $2$, that would be $4$ to the power $3$, times $4$ to the power $3$, which comes to $4$ to the power $6$.

The first is like starting at the top and applying the result to the next one down.

The second is like starting at the bottom and using the next number up as the power of all that has been calculated up to that point.

Now if I take the second way of understanding the calculation, any calculation like this is the same as the bottom number to the power of all the other numbers multiplied together.

So all I needed to try out was :

$-4 \text{ to the power of }(-3 \times-2 \times-1)$ which is $-(4 \text{ to the power of } -6)$

$-3 \text{ to the power of } (-4 \times-2 \times-1)$ which is $-(3 \text{ to the power of } -8)$

$-2 \text{ to the power of } (-3 \times-4 \times-1)$ which is $-(2 \text{ to the power of } -12)$

$-1 \text{ to the power of } (-2 \times-3 \times-4)$ which is $-(1 \text{ to the power of } -24)$

That's each number as the bottom and the rest making a product to be the power or index number.

I noticed that having $4$ or $2$ at the bottom gives the same end result : $4$ to the power of $-6$ is the same as $2$ to the power of $-12$, which made me think a bit. I think it happens because $4$ is $2$ squared, and having $4$ at the bottom is like having only $2$ at the bottom and an extra factor of $2$ in the product that makes the power. But swapping the $2$ at the bottom and putting the $4$ in the power stack also makes the product bigger by a factor of $2$.

So my four calculations, left as fractions, came out like this :
$$-1/4096, -1/6561, -1/4096, -1$$

The numbers are negative, so the smallest number is the one farthest below $0$.

So $-1$ is the smallest result (putting $1$ at the bottom) and $-1/6561$ is the largest result (putting $3$ at the bottom).

Thank-you to everyone who sent in their results and ideas.