### Some(?) of the Parts

A circle touches the lines OA, OB and AB where OA and OB are perpendicular. Show that the diameter of the circle is equal to the perimeter of the triangle

### Just Rolling Round

P is a point on the circumference of a circle radius r which rolls, without slipping, inside a circle of radius 2r. What is the locus of P?

### Medallions

Three circular medallions fit in a rectangular box. Can you find the radius of the largest one?

# Semicircle in a Semicircle

##### Stage: 4 Short Challenge Level:

Let T be the centre of the semicircle with diameter QR and let OT produced meet the circumference of the larger semicircle at U .

By symmetry, we note that OT is perpendicular to QR . As TR = TO = TQ (radii of the same semicircle), triangles ORT and OQT are both isosceles, right-angled triangles. So QOR is a right angle.

By Pythagoras' Theorem: QR ² = OQ ² + OR ² = 2² + 2² = 8. So $QR = \sqrt8$ = $2\sqrt2$ and the radius of semicircle QOR is $\sqrt2$.

The area of the shaded region is equal to the area of semicircle QOR plus the area of the quadrant bounded by OQ , OR and arc QUR less the triangle OQR .

So the required area is $\frac12 \pi (\sqrt2)^2$ + $\frac14 \pi 2^2$ - ($\frac12 \times 2 \times 2$) = $\pi + \pi - 2$ = $2\pi$ - 2.

This problem is taken from the UKMT Mathematical Challenges.