### Days and Dates

Investigate how you can work out what day of the week your birthday will be on next year, and the year after...

### Plum Tree

Label this plum tree graph to make it totally magic!

### Magic W

Find all the ways of placing the numbers 1 to 9 on a W shape, with 3 numbers on each leg, so that each set of 3 numbers has the same total.

# Reasonable Algebra

##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:

Using this method to find the sum of 8 consecutive numbers starting at 10:

That's . . . . . 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17

Added to . . 17 + 16 + 15 + 14 + 13 + 12 + 11 + 10

The pairs 10 with 17, 11 with 16, and so on to 17 with 10, all make a sum of 27, and there are 8 pairs in all doing that.

Using the line of numbers twice, once forward and the other backwards, makes a total of 216 (27 times 8), so the sum of 8 consecutive numbers starting at10 will be 108 (half of 216)..

Using this same method to find the sum of : 10, 11, 12, . . . . . . . . . 79, 80?

71 pairs each with a sum of 90, makes 6390, and half of that is 3195

Making a general formula, using this method, for the sum of n consecutive numbers starting at s, goes like this :

The first number is s so the last number is s + n - 1

The pairs all have a sum of 2s + n - 1 and there are n pairs like that.

Finally the sum we want is half of that, which in algebra is . . . . n (2s + n -1) / 2

So why are 16 and 32 impossible to create as the sum of consecutive numbers ?
Good ways to think about this were sent in by Ryan, David and Oliver, and included the following :

16 and 32 are pure powers of 2 : they are $2^4 and 2^5$ respectively

We are looking for a run of consecutive numbers that totals to 16 :

Whether s is an odd or an even number, 2s will be even , so n - 1 must also be even , because the whole factor (2s + n - 1) has to be some power of two.

When n -1 is even, n itself will be odd , but 16 does not have any odd factors, so there is no value, odd or even, from which to start a run of consecutive numbers whose sum will be 16.

We can also see that the same reasoning would apply to making 32 and any other pure power of 2 .

Try this reasoning, based on odd-ness and even-ness, while looking at the rectangle of dots on the main problem page.

Do you prefer to reason from the algebra or from the image, or do you find that taking the algebra and the image together is somehow the best way to increase your confidence in the validity of your argument ?