### Pythagorean Triples

How many right-angled triangles are there with sides that are all integers less than 100 units?

### Tennis

A tennis ball is served from directly above the baseline (assume the ball travels in a straight line). What is the minimum height that the ball can be hit at to ensure it lands in the service area?

### Square Pegs

Which is a better fit, a square peg in a round hole or a round peg in a square hole?

# Where Is the Dot?

##### Stage: 3 Challenge Level:

The first part of this problem was answered correctly by a number of people. As the film suggests, we can view the dot as a vertex on a right angled triangle whose hypotenuse has length one. The angle $45^{\circ}$ is special because at this point the triangle is equalateral. Let $x$ denote the height of the dot after it has turned through $45^{\circ}$.

Pythagoras' theorem states that $x^2+x^2=1^2$, i.e. $x^2=\frac{1}{2}$ so $x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$.

The next part of the question asked for similar ways of calculating the height of the dot after it had turned through $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$.

Consider the right angled triangle we obtain after turning through $30^{\circ}$. If we reflect this triangle in the horizontal axis we obtain an equalateral triangle with sides of length $1$ as shown.

This implies that the height of the dot must be $\frac{1}{2}$. We deduce that at $60^{\circ}$ we end up with the following triangle:

By Pythagoras, the height of the dot must satisfy the equation $x^2+(\frac{1}{2})^2=1^2$ which implies that $x=\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{4}}=\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$.

By symmetry, now that we know the height of the dot for angles of $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$, we can state the height for angles which are a multiple of $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ or $60^{\circ}$. See if you can list these angles and the corresponding heights of the dot.