### Golden Thoughts

Rectangle PQRS has X and Y on the edges. Triangles PQY, YRX and XSP have equal areas. Prove X and Y divide the sides of PQRS in the golden ratio.

### Pent

The diagram shows a regular pentagon with sides of unit length. Find all the angles in the diagram. Prove that the quadrilateral shown in red is a rhombus.

### Pentakite

ABCDE is a regular pentagon of side length one unit. BC produced meets ED produced at F. Show that triangle CDF is congruent to triangle EDB. Find the length of BE.

# Darts and Kites

##### Stage: 4 Challenge Level:

The diagram shows a rhombus $PQRS$ with an internal point $O$ such that $OQ = OR = OS = 1$ unit. Penrose used this rhombus, split into two quadrilaterals, a dart and a kite, to make his famous tiling which fills the plane but, unlike a tessellation, does not repeat itself by translation or rotation.

Find all the angles in the diagram, show that $POR$ is a straight line and show that triangles $PRS$ and $QRO$ are similar. Hence prove that the length of the side of the rhombus is equal to the Golden Ratio $(1+ \sqrt{5})/2$.