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This problem follows on from Keep it Simple
You could choose to set the scene briefly by asking students what they know about mathematics throughout history, establishing the idea that some historical maths is distinctly odd to our modern view point.
Explain that the ancient Egyptians didn't write fractions with a numerator greater than 1 but expressed every fraction as the sum of different unit fractions.
Work through the example of $\frac{2}{3}$ as the problem suggests, asking students to lengthen each successive row by substituting each unit fraction by a different pair, using methods the students met in Keep It Simple
Establish that we can keep lengthening the expression for any $\frac{2}{n}$ fraction but what would have been of real value to the Egyptians would have been a method for expressing these fractions in the shorteset possible way, i.e. using just two different unit fractions.
Confirm that this is possible for$\frac{2}{3}$ and then set the challenge to choose their own $\frac{2}{n}$ fraction and express it as the sum of just two unit fractions. Any that can't be done can be written up on the board for the rest of the class to attempt.
Stop the class, and ask them to step back from number crunching and share any discoveries. Listen for any generalisations and record them for discussion.
Students could follow this up by exploring fractions of the form$\frac{3}{n}$, $\frac{4}{n}$ etc and be challenged to express them in as short a way as possible.
What do we already know that could help?
Keep It Simple provides a good introduction to this activity.
Some students might wish to undertake research about the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.
Students could be directed to The Greedy Algorithm